凍土區(qū)道路養(yǎng)護(hù)面臨極端氣候與地質(zhì)條件的雙重挑戰(zhàn)，冷再生技術(shù)作為綠色修復(fù)方案，其層間穩(wěn)定性直接決定工程壽命。針對(duì)凍融循環(huán)導(dǎo)致的強(qiáng)度衰減、界面剝離等難題，需構(gòu)建涵蓋材料改性、結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化、工藝創(chuàng)新的系統(tǒng)性解決方案。

　　The maintenance of roads in permafrost regions faces dual challenges of extreme climate and geological conditions. Cold recycling technology, as a green restoration solution, directly determines the service life of the project due to its interlayer stability. A systematic solution covering material modification, structural optimization, and process innovation is needed to address the challenges of strength attenuation and interface delamination caused by freeze-thaw cycles.

　　材料體系創(chuàng)新是基礎(chǔ)保障。舊料摻配比例需通過凍融劈裂試驗(yàn)確定，當(dāng)RAP料含量超過40%時(shí)，應(yīng)添加0.3%-0.5%的納米二氧化硅進(jìn)行活化處理，該改性劑可填充瀝青膜孔隙，使凍融殘留強(qiáng)度比提升85%以上。乳化瀝青配方需引入聚合物增韌劑，將60℃動(dòng)力粘度控制在3000-5000Pa·s區(qū)間，兼顧低溫抗裂與高溫穩(wěn)定性。對(duì)于重交通路段，可復(fù)配0.2%的纖維增強(qiáng)劑，使冷再生混合料抗拉強(qiáng)度提升40%。

　　Innovation in material systems is the fundamental guarantee. The mixing ratio of old materials needs to be determined through freeze-thaw splitting tests. When the RAP material content exceeds 40%, 0.3% -0.5% nano silica should be added for activation treatment. This modifier can fill the pores of the asphalt film, increasing the freeze-thaw residual strength ratio to over 85%. The emulsified asphalt formula needs to introduce polymer toughening agents to control the dynamic viscosity at 60 ℃ within the range of 3000-5000Pa · s, while balancing low-temperature crack resistance and high-temperature stability. For heavy traffic sections, 0.2% fiber reinforcement can be compounded to increase the tensile strength of cold recycled mixtures by 40%.

　　結(jié)構(gòu)組合設(shè)計(jì)注重應(yīng)力分散。建議采用“隔溫層+冷再生層+封層”復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，隔溫層選用導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)≤0.05W/(m·K)的擠塑聚苯乙烯板，有效阻斷凍深發(fā)展。冷再生層厚度需根據(jù)交通等級(jí)調(diào)整，輕交通道路控制在12-15cm，重載道路則需增18-20cm，確保結(jié)構(gòu)承載力。層間界面處理采用同步碎石封層技術(shù)，碎石覆蓋率達(dá)65%-70%，形成機(jī)械咬合與化學(xué)粘結(jié)雙重作用。

　　Structural combination design emphasizes stress dispersion. It is recommended to use a composite structure of "insulation layer+cold regeneration layer+sealing layer". The insulation layer should be made of extruded polystyrene board with a thermal conductivity coefficient of ≤ 0.05W/(m · K) to effectively prevent the development of freezing depth. The thickness of the cold regeneration layer needs to be adjusted according to the traffic level. For light traffic roads, it should be controlled at 12-15cm, while for heavy traffic roads, it should be increased to 18-20cm to ensure the structural bearing capacity. The interlayer interface treatment adopts synchronous crushed stone sealing technology, with a crushed stone coverage rate of 65% -70%, forming a dual effect of mechanical interlocking and chemical bonding.

　　施工工藝優(yōu)化聚焦過程控制。舊料破碎采用反擊式破碎機(jī)，確保粒徑90%以上處于4.75-31.5mm區(qū)間。拌合溫度控制在55-65℃，避免高溫導(dǎo)致乳化瀝青提前破乳。攤鋪環(huán)節(jié)采用雙機(jī)聯(lián)鋪工藝，前后攤鋪機(jī)間隔5-10米，縱向接縫。碾壓工藝遵循“高頻低幅、緊跟慢壓”原則，初壓采用26噸膠輪壓路機(jī)靜壓2遍，復(fù)壓使用13噸雙鋼輪振動(dòng)壓路機(jī)振壓4遍，終壓以膠輪壓路機(jī)收光，確保壓實(shí)度≥98%。

　　Optimization of construction technology focuses on process control. The old material is crushed using an impact crusher to ensure that over 90% of the particle size is within the range of 4.75-31.5mm. The mixing temperature should be controlled at 55-65 ℃ to avoid premature emulsification of emulsified asphalt caused by high temperature. The paving process adopts a dual machine joint paving technology, with a 5-10 meter interval between the front and rear paving machines to eliminate longitudinal joints. The compaction process follows the principle of "high-frequency low amplitude, closely following slow compaction". The initial compaction uses a 26 ton rubber wheel roller for static compaction twice, the secondary compaction uses a 13 ton double steel wheel vibratory roller for vibration compaction four times, and the final compaction is finished by the rubber wheel roller to ensure a compaction degree of ≥ 98%.

　　環(huán)境適應(yīng)性改造是關(guān)鍵突破。在季節(jié)性凍土區(qū)，施工窗口期需避開地溫≤5℃時(shí)段，若必須低溫施工，應(yīng)添加0.1%的早強(qiáng)型抗凍劑，使早期強(qiáng)度提升30%。對(duì)于多年凍土區(qū)，需設(shè)置熱棒路基，通過相變材料將路堤溫度場控制在-0.5℃以內(nèi)。排水系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)采用滲水盲溝+縱向排水管組合，盲溝間距根據(jù)匯水面積確定，一般控制在15-20米，防止凍脹水壓力積聚。

　　Environmental adaptability transformation is a key breakthrough. In seasonal frozen soil areas, the construction window period should avoid the period when the ground temperature is ≤ 5 ℃. If low-temperature construction is necessary, 0.1% early strength antifreeze agent should be added to increase the early strength by 30%. For permafrost regions, it is necessary to set up a hot rod roadbed and control the temperature field of the embankment within -0.5 ℃ through phase change materials. The drainage system design adopts a combination of seepage blind ditches and longitudinal drainage pipes. The spacing between blind ditches is determined according to the catchment area, generally controlled at 15-20 meters, to prevent the accumulation of frost heave water pressure.

　　長期性能維護(hù)建立監(jiān)測體系。在道路縱斷面高程變化點(diǎn)、橋頭搭板末端等關(guān)鍵位置布設(shè)沉降監(jiān)測點(diǎn)，采用靜力水準(zhǔn)儀實(shí)時(shí)采集數(shù)據(jù)，當(dāng)日沉降量超過2mm時(shí)啟動(dòng)預(yù)警。每年春秋季進(jìn)行雷達(dá)探地檢測，排查層間脫空、裂縫發(fā)育等隱性病害。預(yù)防性養(yǎng)護(hù)周期根據(jù)交通荷載等級(jí)確定，重載道路每2年實(shí)施一次微表處封層，輕載道路可延長3-4年。

　　Establish a monitoring system for long-term performance maintenance. Set up settlement monitoring points at key locations such as the elevation change point of the road profile and the end of the bridge deck, and use a static level to collect real-time data. When the daily settlement exceeds 2mm, a warning will be triggered. Radar ground detection is conducted every spring and autumn season, with a focus on identifying hidden diseases such as interlayer voids and crack development. The preventive maintenance period is determined based on the level of traffic load. For heavy-duty roads, a micro surface sealing layer is implemented every 2 years, while for light-duty roads, it can be extended to 3-4 years.

　　凍土區(qū)冷再生層穩(wěn)定性提升需貫穿設(shè)計(jì)、施工、運(yùn)維全周期。通過材料性能突破、結(jié)構(gòu)功能復(fù)合、工藝參數(shù)精準(zhǔn)控制，可顯著增強(qiáng)再生層在極端環(huán)境下的耐久性。隨著智能監(jiān)測技術(shù)與新型功能材料的融合應(yīng)用，凍土區(qū)道路綠色養(yǎng)護(hù)將邁向更加精細(xì)化、智能化的新階段。

　　The stability improvement of the cold regeneration layer in frozen soil areas needs to be carried out throughout the entire design, construction, and operation cycle. By breaking through material properties, combining structural functions, and precisely controlling process parameters, the durability of the regeneration layer can be significantly enhanced in extreme environments. With the integration and application of intelligent monitoring technology and new functional materials, green maintenance of roads in frozen soil areas will move towards a new stage of refinement and intelligence.

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